Yintoni umatshini wokugaya

Yintoni umatshini wokungqusha?

Oomatshini bokugaya bebekho ngaphezu kweminyaka engama-300. Zezinye zezona zixhobo zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwimizi-mveliso ngenxa yomgangatho kunye nesantya abazisa etafileni. Ukuqonda iziseko ze ' yintoni umatshini wokungqusha? ’ inokunika abavelisi enye indlela enkulu yokuhlala phambi kokhuphiswano.

Eli nqaku liza kunika isikhokelo esinzulu kwinkqubo yokusebenza yomatshini wokusila. Uya kufunda malunga neentlobo ezininzi ezahlukeneyo zoomatshini bokungqusha, izixhobo, iinzuzo, kunye nolunye ulwazi oluninzi oluya kuphucula isiphumo sawo nawuphi na umsebenzi. Ngaphandle kokuchitha ixesha, masingene entliziyweni yalo mbandela ngoko nangoko:

Umatshini wokugaya sisixhobo somatshini woshishino esenza inxalenye ngokususa izinto eziphathekayo kwindawo yokusebenza emileyo kunye nezixhobo zokusika ezijikelezayo.

Umatshini wokugaya luhlobo oluphambili lwezixhobo ezisetyenziselwa ukugaya, inkqubo yokuvelisa i-subtractive, enokulawulwa ngesandla okanye ngeComputer Numerical Control (CNC). Oomatshini bokugaya banokwenza imisebenzi eyahlukeneyo ngokutshintsha imilo kunye nohlobo lwezixhobo zokusika. Ngenxa yolu buchule, umatshini wokungqusha yenye yezona zixhobo ziluncedo kwindawo yokusebenzela.

UEli Whitney wasungula umatshini wokugaya ngo-1818 eNew Haven, Connecticut. Ngaphambi kokuveliswa komatshini wokugaya, abasebenzi basebenzisa iifayile zesandla ukwenza iinxalenye ngesandla. Le nkqubo yayidla ixesha kakhulu kwaye ixhomekeke ngokupheleleyo kumsebenzi ’ s ubuchule.

Uphuhliso lomatshini wokugaya lubonelele ngoomatshini abazinikeleyo abanokudala inxalenye ngexesha elincinci kwaye ngaphandle kokufuna isakhono sesandla sabasebenzi. Oomatshini bokuqala bokungqusha babesetyenziselwa iikhontrakthi zikarhulumente ezifana nokwenza iinxalenye zompu.

Umatshini wokungqusha ungasetyenziselwa iinjongo ezininzi ezahlukeneyo ezinje ngomatshini wokwenza imiphezulu ethe tyaba, imiphezulu engalungelelananga, ukubhola, ukudika, ukuthunga, kunye nokuqhuqha. Iindawo ezintsonkothileyo ezinjengeegiya zinokwenziwa ngokulula ngomatshini wokungqusha. Oomatshini bokugaya bangoomatshini benjongo ezininzi ngenxa yoluhlu olubanzi lwamalungu enziwe kusetyenziswa ezi.

Kukho iintlobo ezininzi ezahlukeneyo zoomatshini bokungqusha nto leyo ekhokelela kwiiyantlukwano ezininzi kumacandelo oomatshini. Amanye amacandelo asemgangathweni ukuba bonke oomatshini bokungqusha babelane:

· Isiseko: Isiseko sisisiseko sesiseko somatshini wokungqusha. Umatshini wonke uxhonywe kwisiseko. Yenziwe ngezinto eziqinileyo njengentsimbi etyhidiweyo enokuxhasa umatshini ’ s ubunzima. Ukongeza, isiseko sikwafunxa umothuko owenziwe kumsebenzi wokusila.

· Uluhlu: Ikholamu yisakhelo apho umatshini ’ s iindawo ezihambayo zisekelwe. Ibonelela ngokulungiswa kwendlela yokuqhuba yomatshini.

· Idolo: Idolo lomatshini wokugaya likhona phezu kwesiseko. Ixhasa ubunzima betafile yomsebenzi. Idolo liqulethe isikhokelo kunye ne-screw mechanism yokutshintsha ubude bayo. Iqhotyoshelwe kwikholam yokuhamba ngokuthe nkqo kunye nenkxaso.

· Isali: Isali idibanisa itafile yokusebenzela kwidolo lomatshini wokungqusha. Isali idityaniswe nedolo kunye nezikhokelo. Oku kunceda ekuhambeni kwe-worktable perpendicular kwikholamu.

· I-spindle: I-spindle yinxalenye ephakamisa isixhobo sokusika kumatshini. Kumatshini wokugaya i-multi-axis, i-spindle iyakwazi ukunyakaza okujikelezayo.

· I-Arbor: I-Arbor luhlobo lwe-adapter yesixhobo (okanye umnini wesixhobo) oxhasa ukongeza i-side cutter okanye izixhobo zokugaya i-niche. Ilungelelaniswe ecaleni kwendlela yokusonta.

· I-Worktable: I-worktable yinxalenye yomatshini wokungqusha obambe i-workpiece. I-workpiece ikhuselekile ngokuqinileyo kwi-worktable ngoncedo lwee-clamps okanye izixhobo. Itafile idla ngokukwazi ukunyakaza kweelongitudinal. Oomatshini bokusila be-Multi-axis baqulethe iitafile ezijikelezayo.

· I-Headstock: I-Headstock yinxalenye ebambe i-spindle kwaye idibanise nawo wonke umatshini. Ukuhamba kwe-spindle kwenziwa kunokwenzeka kunye neenjini kwi-headstock.

· I-Overarm: I-overarm ithwala ubunzima be-spindle kunye ne-arbor assembly. Ikhona phezu kwekholamu. Ikwabizwa ngokuba yingalo ejingayo.