Yini umshini wokugaya

Uyini umshini wokugaya?

Imishini yokugaya isineminyaka engaphezu kuka-300 ikhona. Zingamanye amathuluzi omshini wezimboni asetshenziswa kakhulu ngenxa yekhwalithi nesivinini eziletha etafuleni. Ukuqonda izisekelo ze ' uyini umshini wokugaya? ’ inganikeza abakhiqizi enye indlela enhle yokuhlala ngaphambi komncintiswano.

Lesi sihloko sizohlinzeka ngomhlahlandlela ojulile mayelana nenqubo yokusebenza yomshini wokugaya. Uzofunda ngezinhlobo eziningi ezahlukene zemishini yokugaya, amathuluzi, izinzuzo, kanye nolunye ulwazi oluningi oluzothuthukisa umphumela wanoma yikuphi ukusebenza. Ngaphandle kokuchitha isikhathi, masingene emnyombeni wendaba ngokushesha:

Umshini wokugaya ithuluzi lomshini wezimboni elidala ingxenye ngokususa izinto zokusebenza endaweni emile enamathuluzi okusika ajikelezayo.

Umshini wokugaya uwuhlobo oluyinhloko lwempahla esetshenziselwa ukugaya, inqubo yokukhiqiza ekhiphayo, engalawulwa ngesandla noma ngeComputer Numerical Control (CNC). Imishini yokugaya ingenza imisebenzi ehlukahlukene ngokushintsha ukuma nohlobo lwamathuluzi okusika. Ngenxa yalokhu kuguquguquka, umshini wokugaya ungomunye wemishini enenzuzo kakhulu endaweni yokusebenzela.

U-Eli Whitney wasungula umshini wokugaya ngo-1818 eNew Haven, Connecticut. Ngaphambi kokusungulwa komshini wokugaya, abasebenzi basebenzisa amafayela ezandla ukuze benze izingxenye ngesandla. Le nqubo ibidla isikhathi kakhulu futhi incike ngokuphelele kusisebenzi ’ s ikhono.

Ukwakhiwa komshini wokugaya kunikeze imishini ezinikele engakha ingxenye ngesikhathi esincane futhi ngaphandle kokudinga ikhono lezandla labasebenzi. Imishini yokuqala yokugaya yayisetshenziselwa izinkontileka zikahulumeni ezifana nokukhiqiza izingxenye zezibhamu.

Umshini wokugaya ungasetshenziselwa izinjongo eziningi ezihlukene njengokukhanda izindawo eziyisicaba, izindawo ezingajwayelekile, ukubhoboza, ukubhora, ukuthunga kanye nokuslotha. Izingxenye eziyinkimbinkimbi njengamagiya zingenziwa kalula ngomshini wokugaya. Imishini yokugaya iyimishini enezinjongo eziningi ngenxa yobubanzi bezingxenye ezenziwe kusetshenziswa lezi.

Kunezinhlobo eziningi ezahlukene zemishini yokugaya okuholela ekuhlukeni okuningana ezingxenyeni zomshini. Ezinye izingxenye ezijwayelekile yonke imishini yokugaya ezabelana ngazo:

· Isisekelo: Isisekelo siyingxenye eyisisekelo yomshini wokugaya. Wonke umshini ugxunyekwe esisekelweni. Yenziwe ngezinto eziqinile njengensimbi ekhonjiwe ekwazi ukusekela umshini ’ s isisindo. Ukwengeza, isisekelo siphinde sibambe ukushaqeka okukhiqizwa ekusebenzeni kokugaya.

· Ikholomu: Ikholomu luhlaka lapho umshini ’ s izingxenye ezihambayo zisekelwe. Ihlinzeka ngezinsiza zomshini wokushayela womshini.

· Idolo: Idolo lomshini wokugaya likhona phezu kwesisekelo. Isekela isisindo setafula lomsebenzi. Idolo liqukethe indlela yokuqondisa kanye nesikulufu ukuze kushintshwe ubude baso. Inamathiselwe kukholamu ukuze inyakaze futhi isekele.

· Isihlalo: Isihlalo sehhashi sixhuma ithebula lokusebenza nedolo lomshini wokugaya. Isihlalo sehhashi sixhunywe edolweni ngemikhombandlela. Lokhu kusiza ekuhambeni kwe-worktable perpendicular kuya kukholomu.

· I-spindle: I-spindle ingxenye efaka ithuluzi lokusika emshinini. Emishinini yokugaya ye-multi-axis, i-spindle iyakwazi ukunyakaza okujikelezayo.

· I-Arbor: I-Arbor iwuhlobo lwe-adaptha yamathuluzi (noma isibambi samathuluzi) esisekela ukungeza isisiki esiseceleni noma amathuluzi okugaya ama-niche. Iqondaniswe eduze ne-spindle.

· I-Worktable: I-worktable ingxenye yomshini wokugaya ephethe ucezu lokusebenza. I-workpiece ivikelwe ngokuqinile ku-worktable ngosizo lwama-clamp noma ama-fixtures. Ithebula ngokuvamile liyakwazi ukunyakaza kwe-longitudinal. Imishini yokugaya ye-Multi-axis iqukethe amatafula ajikelezayo.

· I-Headstock: I-Headstock ingxenye ebamba i-spindle bese ixhuma kuwo wonke umshini. Ukunyakaza kwe-spindle kwenziwa nokwenzeka ngama-motor ku-headstock.

· I-Overarm: I-overarm ithwala isisindo se-spindle ne-arbor assembly. Ikhona phezu kwekholomu. Yaziwa nangokuthi ingalo elenga ngaphezulu.